Bridging the Gap: The Urgency of Early Detection and Intervention in Autism

The importance of early detection and intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and other developmental challenges cannot be overstated (Landa, 2017). Despite the availability of extensive research there remains a significant gap between knowledge and practice, with profound implications for children, families, and society.

There has been a continuous and gradual progress in understanding of what Autism spectrum disorder exactly is and by virtue of that there has been a rise in detection of it since last century, but this progress also sheds light on a potential issue: many cases that are detected today were likely present before but remained undiagnosed (Underwood et al., 2021). The spread of cases, now likely recognized due to better diagnostic tools, makes early intervention even more crucial. These cases often come to light later in a child’s development, missing the critical window for early intervention, which could otherwise significantly improve outcomes.

For instance, the Australian Early Development Census reveals that 22% of Australian children face developmental vulnerabilities (Accuracy of Reported Community Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2018), a statistic that warrants concern, particularly when extended to India, the world’s second-largest population. Early detection not only identifies issues early but also allows for timely intervention, potentially reversing challenges before they become overwhelming.

Parents play a pivotal role before childbirth and beyond it, it is not far off to say that their role begins at the inception of the fetus itself,  remaining vigilant for signs that may go beyond isolated behaviours, mother’s being exposed to mercury or the newborn exposed to the pollutants has been studied as the one of the cause for the autism (Ryu et al., 2017). Besides this, some other studies highlight that parental concerns often arise around 15 months, indicating the need for heightened awareness during early childhood (Chawarska et al., 2006). However, delays in diagnosis, often linked to limited awareness or access to services, further emphasise the importance of early screening (Daniels et al., 2014).

Research consistently shows that early intervention before age three significantly enhances cognitive and social outcomes, reducing the long-term need for support (Daniolou et al., 2022). Despite these benefits, the average age of ASD diagnosis  remains between 4 to 6 years, highlighting the missed opportunities for early intervention (Brett et al., 2016).

Barriers such as limited healthcare access and the sensitivity of diagnostic tools contribute to these delays. However, advancements like the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance offer promising improvements in early identification accuracy. Coupled with increased awareness and advocacy, these innovations aim to bridge the gap between knowledge and action.

In conclusion, early identification and intervention are pivotal not only for improving individual outcomes but also for fostering a more inclusive society. By prioritising early childhood development, we invest in a brighter future, ensuring every child can achieve their full potential. It’s the parent’s lifetime chore that they should bear proudly and enthusiastically without the burden of the stigma and the myth perpetuated by our forefathers and free themselves from the clutches of a flawed thought process that limits our children’s future.

– Sumbul Khwaja

(Child Psychologist)